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Dividend preferences are payable only upon dividend declaration by a corporation’s board of directors. Under cumulative preferred stock, the amount of any deficiency in the amount of declared dividends in meeting the annual preference is carried over to future years and referred to as dividends in arrears. Costs incurred in either salaries or wages to employees who are involved in hands-on labor in the making or assembling of a manufactured product. Sales of goods or services to customers for which the sales price is paid in cash at the time of sale. Cash sales include credit card sales when the credit card used is a third-party credit card such as VISA or MasterCard and not a card issued by the company making the sale. A company operates on a calendar year when the accounting period for the preparation of their annual financial statements is the 12-month period beginning on January 1st and ending on December 31st of each year.
Inventory Write-Off Definition – Accounting.
Posted: Sun, 26 Mar 2017 04:42:40 GMT [source]
Any company may make an ‘off-market purchase’ of its shares by contract with one or more particular shareholders. Some companies grant stockholders one vote per share, thus giving those shareholders with a greater investment in the company a greater say in corporate decision-making.
This type of contra account helps businesses deal with sales discounts given to customers. It’s similar to an obsolete inventory account but will offset the revenue affected by sales. This type of contra account is listed Contra inventory account in conjunction with an inventory asset. If that becomes unsellable, you would credit an allowance for $5,000 obsolete. This essentially erases the asset on your financial statement, leaving you with a total amount of $0.
Common long-term liabilities include bonds payable, notes payable and mortgage notes payable. Any liabilities that are not long-term liabilities are referred to as “current liabilities “and are obligations payable within the next year. Long-term liabilities are also commonly referred to as “non-current liabilities.” Some obligations, such as fully amortizing mortgages, mature over extended periods of time. To the extent a portion of an obligation matures within the next year, that amount should be separately classified as the “current portion” of a payable within the current liabilities section of the balance sheet. Any liabilities that are not long-term liabilities are referred to as “current liabilities” and are obligations payable within the next year. Costs incurred in the acquisition of raw materials or other supplies which are not incorporated directly into a manufactured product but are used to support or maintain the manufacturing process. These costs include any freight or other costs incurred in actually obtaining the materials or supplies from vendors.
Accounting is sometimes referred to as the language of business because its ultimate purpose is to communicate business information. Accumulated depreciation is a contra-asset account which is subtracted from asset accounts. A contra account is an account that companies use to reduce the value of a related account. It usually nets off against related accounts and provides an opposite effect to the balance.
Examples of contra equity accounts include the treasury stock account, the owners’ drawing account, and a dividend account. The payment of cash to existing owners is a distribution which increases the contra equity account dubbed “treasury stock account”. Contra asset accounts also help companies keep their general ledgers https://accounting-services.net/ organized. By recording reductions in a separate account, companies can get better insights into their actual accounts. Similarly, it allows companies to retrieve original account balances without complicated calculations. For stakeholders, looking at both accounts is also crucial in their decision-making process.
Salaries expense differs from wage expense in that wages are paid to employees who are paid on an hourly rate, as opposed to some fixed monthly amount or salary. In many cases, these two expenses are combined for accounting and/or financial reporting purposes as “salaries and wage expense.” This amount does not include an employer’s payroll tax expense incurred as a result of having employees.
The process of distributing a number of shares of stock to existing stockholders in exchange for shares that are currently owned. A 2-for-1 stock split means that two shares are issued for every one previously owned. In a stock split, no additional capital is provided to the company, and the only real effect is that there are now twice as many shares outstanding as there were immediately before the split. As a result, each share of stock has a lower percentage of influence, dividend participation and value than previously existed. Many companies that experience increasing stock values over time will choose to split their stock simply to keep a lower per share trading price available to investors in the secondary stock markets.
The oldest and largest stock exchange in the U.S., located on Wall Street in New York City. The NYSE is a secondary market for the trading of securities listed with the exchange.